Pulmonology

Wells’ Criteria for Pulmonary Embolism

Wells’ Criteria for Pulmonary Embolism

Wells’ Criteria for PE

Objectifies risk of pulmonary embolism (PE). Helps guide diagnostic workup by predicting pre-test probability (d-dimer vs. CT angiogram).
Clinical signs and symptoms of DVT
PE is #1 diagnosis OR equally likely
Heart rate > 100
Immobilization (≥ 3 days) or surgery in previous 4 weeks
Previous, objectively diagnosed PE or DVT
Hemoptysis
Malignancy w/ treatment within 6 months or palliative
0
Points
Analyzing Risk…
3-Tier Incidence: -%
2-Tier Interpretation: -%
Score (3-Tier)Risk GroupRecommended Action
0 – 1Low RiskConsider d-dimer testing to rule out PE. Alternatively, consider PERC rule.
2 – 6Moderate RiskConsider high sensitivity d-dimer testing or CTA.
> 6High RiskConsider CTA. D-dimer testing is not recommended.
1
Clinical Suspicion First: There must first be a clinical suspicion for PE before applying the Wells’ Criteria. It should not be universally applied to all patients presenting with chest pain or shortness of breath.
2
Subjectivity: The tool is often criticized for the subjective criterion “PE is #1 diagnosis or equally likely,” relying heavily on clinician gestalt.
3
Age-Adjusted D-Dimer: For patients > 50 years in low-risk groups, age-adjusted d-dimer cutoffs have been validated. Consider: Age (years) × 10 µg/L = cutoff.
4
Diagnostic Testing: Never delay resuscitative efforts for diagnostic testing, especially in unstable patients.
This calculator is for clinical decision support for medical professionals only. Wells’ is not meant to diagnose PE but to guide workup by predicting pre-test probability.
References:
  • Wells PS, et al. Derivation of a simple clinical model to categorize patients probability of pulmonary embolism. Thromb Haemost. 2000;83(3):416-20.
  • Christopher Study Investigators. Effectiveness of managing suspected pulmonary embolism using an algorithm combining clinical probability, D-dimer testing, and computed tomography. JAMA. 2006;295(2):172-9.
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Reviewed by ·
Semahattin Serkan Sezer MD

Pulmonologist and Intensive Care Specialist specializing in clinical informatics and the development of evidence-based decision support tools for healthcare professionals.